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El presente trabajo se centra en un estudio preliminar en aras de aplicar el Algoritmo David Liberman (ADL) como instrumento en el campo de la supervisión en un texto, tomado como informe de un supervisante, que pretende tratar el problema relacionado con el cambio psíquico desde las intervenciones del analista y desde una dificultad que surge con el uso que hace el paciente de la intervención para atacar al análisis. Comienza con un estudio de un enactment contratransferencial relatado por el analista, y luego analiza la construcción teórica presentada por él, identificando que su elaboración conceptual aún era inducida por el influjo del discurso del paciente. El énfasis de la investigación propuesta es aplicar la taxonomía de las intervenciones junto a la perspectiva de los errores del pensamiento aportadas por Maldavsky (2017). Se propone articular la práctica clínica y la elaboración conceptual, tal como ocurre en la supervisión AU
The present work presents the possibility of applying the David Liberman Algorithm (ADL) as an instrument in the field of supervision, from a text taken as a report by a supervisor, which aims to address the problem related to psychic change from the analyst's interventions and of a difficulty that arises from the patient's use of the intervention to attackthe analysis. It begins with a study of a countertransferential enactmentreported by the analyst, and later analyzes the theoretical construction presented by him, identifying that his conceptual elaboration was still induced by the influx of the patient's speech. The emphasis of the investigation lies in developing a foundation regarding the link between clinical practice and conceptual elaboration, guided by the categories related to the taxonomy of interventions and origin, function and errors of thought presented by Maldavsky, as occurs in a supervisión AU
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Humans , Male , Female , Professional-Patient Relations , Psychoanalytic Interpretation , Countertransference , Unconscious, Psychology , Review Literature as Topic , DriveABSTRACT
Los sesgos cognitivos son un constructo que acuñaron Kahneman & Tveysky (1972) en su Enfoque de Sesgos dentro de la Psicología Cognitiva. Estos son atajos intelectuales que realizan siempre las personas, desde un razonamiento probabilístico intuitivo. El presente trabajo es una primera aproximación que intenta aplicar y describir algunos sesgos cognitivos en el complejo mundo de las representaciones mentales en la experiencia dolorosa, como la ilusión de control; del presente; la confirmación; representatividad; disponibilidad, entre otros. Los sesgos en dolor nos permiten comprender el procesamiento de información frente al dolor y utilizar estrategias comunicacionales más efectivas para su abordaje.
Cognitive biases are a construct coined by Kahneman & Tveysky (1972) in their Approach to Biases in Cognitive Psychology. These are intellectual shortcuts that people always carry out, from an intuitive probabilistic reasoning. An attempt is made to apply and describe some cognitive biases in the complex world of mental representations in the painful experience, like the illusion of control; of the present; the confirmation; representativeness; availability among others. Biases in pain allow us to understand the processing of information in the face of pain and use more effective communication strategies to address it.
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Humans , Chronic Pain , Cognitive Psychology , Thinking , Bias , IntuitionABSTRACT
Introducción: La metacognición es el proceso mediante el cual el estudiante toma conciencia de lo que aprende, pero como podemos ampliar este concepto desde el paradigma emergente de la complejidad, si religamos la conciencia a la aplicación del pensamiento complejo. La metacognición aplicada con elementos de pensamiento complejo le llamamos metacomplejidad, que es un proceso superior donde tomamos conciencia desde la complejidad para aprender y enseñar, implicara niveles de realidad y formas de aplicar la complejidad en los procesos educativos. Objetivo: Revisar teóricamente el concepto de metacognición a fin de profundizar en el tema tomando en consideración el concepto de aula mente social en la Educación. Método: Revisión teórica de publicaciones del autor, es un estudio transversal, retro-prospectivo no experimental Discusiones: El proceso de continuidad de la metacomplejidad será pues el aula mente social como el proceso más creativo que puede desarrollar un estudiante para poder resolver problemas educativos o de la vida cotidiana. Conclusión: La metacognición es el proceso mental más sensible en el proceso educativo que trasciende aplicando el pensamiento complejo.
Introduction: Metacognition is the process through which the student becomes aware of what he learns, but how can we expand this concept from the emerging paradigm of complexity, if we relink awareness to the application of complex thinking. Metacognition applied with elements of complex thinking is called metacomplexity, which is a superior process where we become aware of complexity to learn and teach, it will imply levels of reality and ways of applying complexity in educational processes. Objective: To theoretically review the concept of metacognition in order to deepen the subject taking into consideration the concept of classroom social mind in Education. Method: Theoretical review of the author's publications, it is a cross-sectional, retro-prospective, non-experimental study. Discussions: The process of continuity of metacomplexity will therefore be the social mind classroom as the most creative process that a student can develop in order to solve educational or daily life problems. Conclusion: Metacognition is the most sensitive mental process in the educational process that transcends by applying complex thinking.
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@#Knowledge graph technology has promoted the progress of new drug research and development, but domestic research starts late and domain knowledge is mostly stored in text, resulting in low rate of knowledge graph reuse.Based on multi-source and heterogeneous medical texts, this paper designed a Chinese named entity recognition model based on Bert-wwm-ext pre-training model and also integrated cascade thought, which reduced the complexity of traditional single classification and further improved the efficiency of text recognition.The experimental results showed that the model achieved the best performance with an F1-score of 0.903, a precision of 89.2%, and a recall rate of 91.5% on the self-built dataset.At the same time, the model was applied to the public dataset CCKS2019, and the results showed that the model had better performance and recognition effect.Using this model, this paper constructed a Chinese medical knowledge graph, involving 13 530 entities, 10 939 attributes and 39 247 relationships of them in total.The Chinese medical entity extraction and graph construction method proposed in this paper is expected to help researchers accelerate the new discovery of medical knowledge, and shorten the process of new drug discovery.
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O objetivo deste ensaio foi refletir sobre a dinâmica das áreas de conhecimento no interior do campo da Saúde Coletiva. O ensaio foi construído a partir das obras de Fleck, Bourdieu, Foucault, Deleuze e Guattari e da experiência da autora. Esses pensadores trataram de diferentes faces da produção científica, ressaltando seu caráter social e histórico, a construção dos objetos, as formas de enunciação, os processos de trabalho, os métodos e as relações internas e externas. São destacados aspectos políticos e reflexões sobre as relações entre várias formas de saber e o conhecimento científico. Foram tematizadas as relações da Epidemiologia no interior do campo da Saúde Coletiva e apontados movimentos no sentido de superar barreiras e dificuldades na cooperação entre ciências e disciplinas nesse campo.(AU)
The aim of this essay is to reflect upon the dynamics of areas of knowledge within the field of public health. The essay draws on the works of Fleck, Bourdieu, Foucault, Deleuze and Guattari, and the experiences of the author. These authors dealt with different facets of scientific output, highlighting its social and historic nature, the construction of objects, forms of enunciation, work processes, methods, and internal and external relations. We highlight political aspects of and reflections on the relationships between various forms of knowledge and science. We thematize epidemiological relations within the field of public health and highlight movements towards overcoming barriers and difficulties in cooperation between the sciences and disciplines in this field.(AU)
El objetivo de este ensayo fue reflexionar sobre la dinámica de las áreas de conocimiento en el interior del campo de la Salud Colectiva. El ensayo se construyó a partir de las obras de Fleck, Bourdieu, Foucault, Deleuze y Guattari y de la experiencia del autor. Esos autores trataron de diferentes faces de la producción científica, subrayando su carácter social e histórico, la construcción de los objetos, las formas de enunciación. Los procesos de trabajo, los métodos y las relaciones internas y externas. Se destacan aspectos políticos y reflexiones sobre las relaciones entre varias formas de saber y el conocimiento científico. Se plantearon como tema las relaciones de la Epidemiología en el interior del Campo de la Salud Colectiva y se señalaron movimientos en el sentido de superar barreras y dificultades en la cooperación entre ciencias y asignaturas en ese campo.(AU)
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"Healthy China 2030" states that health is a necessary requirement for all-round human development and a basic condition for economic and social development. Achieving national health and longevity is an important symbol of national prosperity and rejuvenation, and also the common aspiration of the people of all ethnic groups in China. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) health preservation has been fully integrated into the construction of "Healthy China", and the development of TCM health preservation culture and thought has a profound historical origin. Starting from the development of TCM health preservation culture thought and ethical principles, this paper analyzed the TCM health preservation thought contained in Master Lyu’s Spring and Autumn Annals, and further discussed and summarized the ethical principles contained in them, with a view to comprehensively and systematically promoting the development of TCM health preservation culture and providing a theoretical basis for people to use health preservation ethical principles to achieve physical fitness, disease prevention and longevity.
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Marx’s health thought is implied in Das Kapital. Based on the concern for the health of the public health environment, Marx revealed the inherent contradiction of capitalist production through the presentation of public health crisis in capitalist society. Under the analysis of the background of the formation of Marx’s health thought, this paper explained and drew inspiration from four aspects of working class’s physical health, mental health, moral health, and family health, including the emphasis on social reality investigation and research, the need for everyone to maintain health justice, the essence of public health crisis being an institutional crisis, and all members of society should bear public ethical responsibilities.
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Objective To explore the current status of emotional exhaustion among clinical nurses and its relationship with work stress, thought suppression, difficulties in emotion regulation. Methods A totally of 1 159 clinical nurses from 10 cities in Henan Province and Fujian Province were enrolled as the research subjects using grabbing random balls method. And their status of work stress, thought suppression, difficulties in emotion regulation and emotional exhaustion were investigated by Depression-Anxiety-Stress Scale, White Bear Suppression Inventory, Brief Version of the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale and Emotional Exhaustion Scale. Results The scores for work stress, thought suppression, difficulties in emotion regulation, emotional exhaustion were (23.5±3.8), (47.4±6.5), (54.1±7.2), (11.7±4.2), respectively. Among them, 40.0% of nurses experienced emotional exhaustion. Bootstrap analysis results showed that work stress positively affected emotional exhaustion among clinical nurses [standardized partial regression coefficient (β)=0.42, 95% confidence intervals (CI)： 0.36-0.44］. Work stress affected emotional exhaustion through thought suppression (β=0.16, 95%CI： 0.14-0.20), difficulties in emotion regulation (β=0.16, 95%CI： 0.14-0.19), and the chain mediating role of thought suppression and difficulties in emotion regulation (β=0.07, 95%CI： 0.04-0.09). Conclusion Emotional exhaustion symptoms are prevalent among clinical nurses. Work stress directly and indirectly influences thought suppression, difficulties in emotion regulation and emotional exhaustion of nurses.
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@#Introduction: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is not only a cosmetic nuisance but is also associated with a significant impact on mental health and quality of life. Psychological symptoms are highly related to poor treatment adherence and recovery, more comorbidities, and a significant overall socioeconomic burden. Identifying the factors associated with anxiety and depression among patients with AD is important to modify and reduce the risk of developing these psychiatric complications. Methods: This was correlational research conducted in the dermatology clinic of four hospitals in Klang Valley, namely Hospital Kuala Lumpur, Hospital Tengku Ampuan Rahimah Klang, Hospital Selayang, and Hospital Ampang. By using a purposive sampling method, 128 samples (n=128) of adult patients with AD aged 18-65 were included. A questionnaire was administered regarding sociodemographic background, illness characteristics of AD, the Investigator’s Global Assessment (IGA), Malay version of the Automatic Thought Questionnaire-17, GAD-7, and PHQ-9. Results: The prevalence of anxiety and depressive symptoms among adult patients with AD is 31.3% and 46.9% respectively. Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that age and personal maladjustment (PM) predict anxiety symptoms, while only negative self-concept/expectation (NSNE) predicts depressive symptoms. The hierarchical logistic regression model explained 51% (Nagelkerke’s R2) of the variance in anxiety symptoms and 56% (Nagelkerke’s R2) of depressive symptoms. Conclusion: There is a high proportion of anxiety and depressive symptoms among adult patients with AD which is associated with negative automatic thoughts. In the management of adult patients with AD, clinicians should consider mental health symptom screening and monitoring.
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With the establishment of modern traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) as an oncology discipline, it has made great development and progress in the prevention and treatment of tumors. As a result, a number of academic thoughts and viewpoints have emerged. In the tumor field of TCM, the current representative theories include the theory of strengthening the body and treating cancer, the theory of treating from the membrane, the theory of surviving with tumor, the pathogenesis theory of cancer virus, the theory of consolidating the root and clearing the source, and the theory of regulating qi and detoxing. In TCM oncology, a large number of results have been achieved in the research of the thoughts of famous TCM doctors. However, discussions on these thoughts together are relatively few. This article summarizes and studies the above innovative theories from the aspects of academic connotation and clinical application to provide new ideas for further guiding the clinical practice of TCM oncology.
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Objective:To investigate the relationship between childhood abuse experience and suicide attitude among male prisoners, and the mediating effect of impact of event and thought suppression.Methods:Totally 370 male prisoners were tested by personal report of childhood abuse(PRCA), impact of event scale(IES), white bear suppression inventory(WBSI) and suicide attitude inventory(SAI). SPSS 22.0 was used for correlation analysis, regression analysis and other statistical analysis.Results:The scores of PRCA, IES, WBSI and SAI were (2.60±0.62), (2.69±0.62), (2.83±0.79), (3.06±0.61), respectively.There were significant differences in the scores of PRCA, IES and WBSI among different suicide attitude groups( F=42.69, 51.06, 78.76, all P<0.01). After controlling age variables, positive correlation was observed between PRCA, IES, WBSI and SAI ( r=0.38-0.76, all P<0.01). Impact of event and thought suppression played a mediating role in the relationship between childhood abuse experience and suicide attitude among male prisoners.The mediating effect included three paths: one was the single mediating effect of impact of event, the other was the single mediating effect of thought suppression and the third was the chain mediating effect of impact of event and thought suppression, and the effect values were 0.29, 0.23 and 0.05, respectively. Conclusion:Childhood abuse experience not only directly influences male prisoners' suicide attitude, but also indirectly influences their suicide attitude through the mediating effects of impact of event and thought suppression.
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No presente artigo são articuladas ideias de pensadores como Gilles Deleuze, Felix Guattari, Franco Berardi, Michel Hardt e Toni Negri em torno do problema da comunicação e dos dispositivos técnico-informacionais operantes na atualidade, para mostrar de forma suscinta como problematizam, criticam e respondem a alguns problemas levantados nesse domínio. No contexto das sociedades de controle e do Império, o capitalismo funciona, sobretudo, como um operador semiótico que transforma e condiciona profundamente os processos de subjetivação dos indivíduos a partir do trabalho, da linguagem, das relações e dos afetos. Diante disso, em um primeiro momento do texto, será mostrado como a filosofia de Deleuze se compõe em grande medida como uma resistência a esse poder de subjetivação, especialmente no que diz respeito às formas de comunicação mobilizadas por ele e, em um segundo momento, como Franco Berardi, dando continuidade a essa crítica, propõe uma insurreição da linguagem em relação aos efeitos do capitalismo financeiro e informatizado sobre a vida dos indivíduos, evocando uma recusa ou calote poético promovido contra esses dispositivos de poder.
In this article, ideas from thinkers such as Gilles Deleuze, Felix Guattari, Franco Berardi, Michel Hardt and Toni Negri are articulated around the problem of communication and the technical-informational devices operating today, to succinctly show how they problematize, criticize, and respond to some problems raised in this area. In the context of societies of control and the Empire, capitalism works as a semiotic operator that deeply transforms and conditions the processes of subjectivation of individuals based on work, language, relationships, and affections. Therefore, in a first moment of the text, it will be shown how Deleuze's philosophy is composed to a large extent as a resistance to this power of subjectivation, especially with regard to the forms of communication mobilized by it and, in a second moment, as Franco Berardi, continuing this criticism, proposes an insurrection of language in relation to the effects of financial and computerized capitalism on the lives of individuals, evoking a refusal or poetic default promoted against these devices of power.
Dans cet article, les idées de penseurs tels que Gilles Deleuze, Félix Guattari, Franco Berardi, Michel Hardt et Toni Negri sont articulées autour de la problématique de la communication et des dispositifs technico-informationnels en fonctionnement aujourd'hui, pour montrer succinctement comment ils problématisent, critiquent et répondent à certains problèmes soulevés dans ce domaine. Dans le contexte des sociétés de contrôle et de l'Empire, le capitalisme fonctionne avant tout comme un opérateur sémiotique qui transforme et conditionne en profondeur les processus de subjectivation des individus fondés sur le travail, le langage, les relations et les affections. Ainsi, dans un premier temps du texte, il sera montré comment la philosophie de Deleuze se compose en grande partie comme une résistance à ce pouvoir de subjectivation, notamment au regard des formes de communication mobilisées par celui-ci et, dans un second temps, comme Franco Berardi, poursuivant cette critique, propose une insurrection du langage par rapport aux effets du capitalisme financier et informatisé sur la vie des individus, évoquant un refus ou un défaut poétique promu contre ces dispositifs de pouvoir.
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INTRODUCCIÓN La transcomplejidad se presenta como una forma de pensamiento y propuesta teórica práctica en los sistemas educativos del mundo, con amplios constructos fortalecidos en los últimos años. OBJETIVOS Mostrar los constructos base de la Transcomplejidad aplicados a la Educación, que incluyen cómo se construye la didáctica, el diseño curricular, sus fundamentos epistemológicos y filosóficos en su conjunto, la forma de entender los procesos investigativos y que cualidades tiene el aprendizaje y la enseñanza en este enfoque educativo. RESULTADOS Se logra estructurar teóricamente los fundamentos sobre los cuales nace, primero como teoría educativa y luego como Transcomplejidad DISCUSIÓN La transcomplejidad rompe los esquemas de la educación tradicional y bancaria y centra su respuesta en la complejidad y la transdisciplinariedad.
INTRODUCTION Transcomplexity is presented as a way of thinking and practical theoretical proposal in the educational systems of the world, with broad constructs strengthened in recent years. OBJECTIVES To show the base constructs of Transcomplexity applied to Education, which include how didactics is built, curricular design, its epistemological and philosophical foundations as a whole, the way of understanding the investigative processes and what qualities learning and teaching have in this educational approach. RESULTS It is possible to structure the theoretical foundations on which it is born, first as educational theory and then as transcomplexity DISCUSSION Transcomplexity breaks the schemes of traditional and banking Education and focuses its response on complexity and transdisciplinarity.
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Thinking , Teaching , EducationABSTRACT
En este trabajo comparto una experiencia clínica que me ha resultado conmovedora, difícil e inmensamente humanizante. La pandemia me llevó a replantearme tanto los encuadres como los marcos teóricos,entre otras cuestiones, para posibilitar la escucha sosteniendo la demora sin apresuramientos, dando tiempo al por decir de quien padece detrás de una pantalla. Asimismo,me situó de una manera impensada en una escena que puso a prueba los dispositivos que en otro tiempo hubiera considerado del terreno de la ciencia ficción. Despliego la idea de una clínica que demanda un entramado vincular en un espacio que fuimos construyendo "entre" paciente y analista en tiempos de perplejidad AU
In this work I share a clinical experience that has been moving, difficult and immensely humanizing for me. The pandemic led me to rethink both the framing and the theoretical frameworks, among other issues, to enable listening while maintaining the delay but without haste, giving time to the one who suffers behind a screen. Also placed me in an unexpected way in a scene that has put to test devices one would once have considered to be part of the realm of science fiction. I unfold the idea of a clinical practice that demands an interwined bond in a space that we've built "between" patient and analyst in times of perplexity AU
Dans ce travail, je partage une expérience clinique qui a été émouvante, difficile et immensément humanisant. La pandémie m'a amené à repenser à la fois les encadrementset les cadres théoriques, entre autres enjeux, pour rendre possible l'écoute tout en maintenant le retard sans hâte, en donnant le temps de dire à qui souffre derrière un écran. Aussim'a placé de manière inattendue dans une scène qui mettait des dispositifsà l'épreuve qu'il aurait autrefois considéré comme appartenant à la science-fiction. Je déploie l'idée d'une pratique clinique qui exige un réseau relationnel dans un espace que nous construisions "entre" patient et analyste en tempsde perplexité AU
Neste trabalho compartilho uma experiência clínica que tem sido comovente, difícil e imensamente humanizadora. A pandemia me levou a repensar tanto osenquadramentosassim como os referenciais teóricos, entre outras questões, para possibilitar a escuta mantendo oatraso sem pressa, dando tempo de dizer quem sofre atrás deuma telade computador. Da mesma maneira me colocou de forma inesperada em uma cena que chegou a por à prova os dispositivosque em outro tempo euteria considerado ficção cientifica. Desdobro a ideia de uma clínica que exige uma rede de vínculos em um espaço que estávamos construindo "entre" paciente e analista em tempo de perplexidade AU
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Humans , Female , Child , Child Care/psychology , Psychology, Child , Telerehabilitation , Psychological Trauma , Physician-Patient Relations , Play Therapy , Remote Consultation , Fear/psychologyABSTRACT
Resumo Discute o modelo de eugenia empregado pelo médico-sanitarista Belisário Penna durante a campanha do saneamento do Brasil nas décadas de 1920 e 1930. São abordados dois conceitos fundamentais para o seu pensamento: "raça brasileira" e eugenia "preventiva". A maneira como Penna avaliava a questão racial brasileira era fundamental para aderir à concepção eugênica aliada à medicina social e ao seu projeto de "consciência sanitária". O texto oferece uma perspectiva de como foi bordada a concepção eugênica de Penna e o diálogo estabelecido com o movimento eugênico brasileiro, em especial com o eugenista Renato Kehl. Assim, a defesa de uma eugenia classificada como "preventiva" estabelecia coerência para um projeto reformista social via o saneamento defendido por Penna.
Abstract The purpose of this article is to discuss the eugenics model used by the medical-sanitarist Belisário Penna during the sanitation campaign in Brazil in the 1920s and 1930s. The article addresses two fundamental concepts for his thinking: "Brazilian race" and "preventive" eugenics. The way in which Penna saw the Brazilian racial issue was fundamental to adhere to the eugenic conception combined with social medicine and its project of "health awareness." The text offers a perspective of how Penna's eugenics was conceived and the dialogue established with the Brazilian eugenic movement, especially with the eugenicist Renato Kehl. Thus, the defense of an eugenics classified as "preventive" established a coherence for a social reform project through the sanitation defended by Penna.
Subject(s)
Sanitation/history , Racial Groups , Eugenics , Health Promotion , Brazil , History, 20th CenturyABSTRACT
Resumen La evaluación subjetiva ha sido descripta como una variable mediadora para la respuesta emocional. Se presenta con diferentes contenidos y estilos. El estilo cognitivo se refiere a la manera en que se piensa sobre el estresor, por ejemplo: la rumiación (pensamientos intrusivos, repetitivos, que generan malestar emocional), la evitación (intentos por no pensar en el estresor) y el compromiso cognitivo (enfocados en búsqueda de sentido o solución). En base a esta respuesta emocional, se busca explorar y describir los pensamientos relacionados con el cáncer en un grupo de diez pacientes con la enfermedad. En un estudio cualitativo, se les pidió a diez pacientes con cáncer que indicaran los cinco pensamientos más frecuentes desde su diagnóstico. Se analizó el contenido mediante la técnica top down (teoría a contenido) y, a partir de los estilos de respuestas cognitivas, se clasificó el contenido de los pensamientos reportados por estilo de pensamiento (rumiación, compromiso cognitivo o evitación), por temporalidad (pasado, presente y futuro) y por valencia (positiva o negativa). Posteriormente, se hizo el análisis bottom up (contenido a teoría). Se hicieron tablas cruzadas para identificar los contenidos según el estilo de pensamiento, la temporalidad y la valencia. En los pensamientos con estilo rumiativo, el enfoque temporal se dirigía en su mayoría al futuro y al pasado, mientras que el compromiso cognitivo se enfocaba en el presente. Esta diferencia fue estadísticamente significativa mediante una prueba de chi cuadrado. Dentro de los temas relacionados con la incertidumbre, se refirieron a la muerte, al pronóstico de la enfermedad, a la respuesta de la familia y a las finanzas (en el futuro) y a las causas y culpa (en el pasado).
Abstract Cancer has been defined by the World Health Organization as "a disease caused by abnormal cells growing uncontrollably in the body, going beyond their usual boundaries, invading adjoining parts of the body and spreading to other organs". Being diagnosed with cancer has been described as an experience with diverse emotional reactions and difficulties in adaptation, having psychological consequences, being most common depression, anxiety and psychological distress; but also, some patients present positive consequences after having a cancer diagnosis, such as post traumatic growth, which includes positive changes presented after the disease experience. Subjective appraisal about cancer has been defined as a mediating variable for the emotional response presented after a stressor, such as cancer diagnosis, treatment, or important changes during disease process (initiating and finalizing treatment, presenting relapse or remission, as well as when having control studies). The subjective appraisal can be presented with different thought content and styles. Thought style is referred as the way thoughts about the stressor are presented, it has been classified as rumination (thoughts that are intrusive and repetitive that also increase psychological distress), cognitive engagement (thoughts associated with problem solving and meaning finding) or avoidance (aiming to stop thinking about stressor or feeling associated with it). Depending on the thought style presented at a stressor, could be the emotional response (anxiety, depression, distress, post-traumatic growth). The aim of the present study was to describe the thoughts (style, content, valence and temporality) related to cancer diagnosis in a group of ten oncologic patients. To identify if differences between thought style, valence and temporality were presented. The study design is qualitative from a phenomenological point of view. Ten oncologic (different cancer type, clinical stage and treatment) patients were asked to write the five more frequent thoughts since their cancer diagnosis. Each thought was classified by: thought style, valence, and temporality (top-down, classifying the thoughts according to theory). The same thoughts were also classified in semantic units (bottom-up, classifying the thoughts according to their own contents), generating concerns from the content. Cross tabs were made to identify contents and temporality for thought style and valence, which were analyzed by chi square to identify differences between thought style, temporality and valence. The most common thought style was cognitive engagement, followed by rumination (almost same frequency). On what respects to thought style and temporality, rumination was more focused on past (causes and attributions of cancer) and future (uncertainty about death and treatment effectiveness); meanwhile, cognitive engagement was focused on present (to enjoy present moment and focus on daily actions). Chi square was made to identify if this difference was significant, showing temporality was significantly different in cognitive engagement and rumination. The concerns identified in study participants were uncertainty about future and disease, family (communication and wellness of the family), finances (due to expensive treatments), causes and guilt about having cancer. Thoughts that were more centered in present, were more likely to be associated with cognitive engagement. Cognitive engagement has been described previously as an important variable associated with post traumatic growth. Thoughts centered in the past and present were more associated with rumination. Rumination has been associated with depression and post-traumatic stress disorder. Because of mediating role of thought style in disease adaptation, emotional response to the disease, and the relation of this adaptation with the perception of quality of life in cancer patients, the design of psychological interventions aiming on promoting cognitive engagement by problem solving skills, meaning finding, and focusing on present could be a research line derived from present studies results.
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As modalidades coletivas de invasão têm sido investigadas a partir da complexidade, derivando dessas investigações propostas metodológicas de cunho sistêmico. Neste ensaio, à luz do pensamento complexo, aproximamos Pedagogia do Esporte e Teoria do Treinamento Esportivo e discutimos sobre possibilidades de integração das dimensões humanas nos processos de ensino/treino pela ótica interdisciplinar, como meio de tornar as tarefas de aprendizagem, as sessões de ensino/treino e os currículos de programas esportivos mais ecológicos e holísticos. Apresentamos alternativas de incremento de propostas metodo-lógicas existentes e convidamos a comunidade acadêmica a refletirmos sobre a importância de investigações interdisciplinares e a necessidade de repensarmos a formação acadêmica rumo à transdisciplinaridade (AU).
Invasion team sports have been investigated based on the complexity, and systemic methodological proposals have been derived from it. In this paper, in light of complex thinking, we approach Sport Pedagogy and Sport Training Theory to discuss possibilities for integrating human dimensions in teaching/training processes through an interdisciplinary perspective, as a means of making learning tasks, teaching/training sessions and sports programs curricula more ecological and holistic. We present some alternatives for updating existing methodological proposals, and invite the academic community to reflect on the importance of interdisciplinary research and the need to rethink higher education towards transdisciplinarity (AU).
Los deportes colectivos de invasión se han investigado a partir de la complejidad con propuestas metodológicas sistémicas. En este ensayo, a la luz del pensamiento complejo, abordamos la Pedagogía Deportiva y la Teoría del Entrenamiento Deportivo y discutimos posibilidades de integración de las dimensiones humanas en los procesos de entrenamiento, a través de una perspectiva interdisciplinar, como medio para realizar tareas de aprendizaje, sesiones de enseñanza y los programas más ecológicos y holísticos. Presentamos posibilidades de incrementar las propuestas metodológicas existentes, y invitamos a la comunidad académica a reflexionar sobre la importancia de investigaciones interdisciplinarias y la necesidad de repensar la formación académica hacia la transdisciplinariedad (au).
Subject(s)
Humans , Sports , Teaching , Team Sports , Thinking , Interdisciplinary Research , Learning , MethodsABSTRACT
As modalidades coletivas de invasão têm sido investigadas a partir da complexidade, derivando dessas investigações propostas metodológicas de cunho sistêmico. Neste ensaio, à luz do pensamento complexo, aproximamos Pedagogia do Esporte e Teoria do Treinamento Esportivo e discutimos sobre possibilidades de integração das dimensões humanas nos processos de ensino/treino pela ótica interdisciplinar, como meio de tornar as tarefas de aprendizagem, as sessões de ensino/treino e os currículos de programas esportivos mais ecológicos e holísticos. Apresentamos alternativas de incremento de propostas metodológicas existentes e convidamos a comunidade acadêmica a refletirmos sobre a importância de investigações interdisciplinares e a necessidade de repensarmos a formação acadêmica rumo à transdisciplinaridade.
Invasion team sports have been investigated based on the complexity, and systemic methodological proposals have been derived from it. In this paper, in light of complex thinking, we approach Sport Pedagogy and Sport Training Theory to discuss possibilities for integrating human dimensions in teaching/training processes through an interdisciplinary perspective, as a means of making learning tasks, teaching/training sessions and sports programs curricula more ecological and holistic. We present some alternatives for updating existing methodological proposals, and invite the academic community to reflect on the importance of interdisciplinary research and the need to rethink higher education towards transdisciplinarity.
Los deportes colectivos de invasión se han investigado a partir de la complejidad con propuestas metodológicas sistémicas. En este ensayo, a la luz del pensamiento complejo, abordamos la Pedagogía Deportiva y la Teoría del Entrenamiento Deportivo y discutimos posibilidades de integración de las dimensiones humanas en los procesos de entrenamiento, a través de una perspectiva interdisciplinar, como medio para realizar tareas de aprendizaje, sesiones de enseñanza y los programas más ecológicos y holísticos. Presentamos posibilidades de incrementar las propuestas metodológicas existentes, y invitamos a la comunidad académica a reflexionar sobre la importancia de investigaciones interdisciplinarias y la necesidad de repensar la formación académica hacia la transdisciplinariedad.
ABSTRACT
Objetivo: analisar o pensamento crítico desenvolvido pelos estudantes participantes de um componente curricular do curso de graduação em enfermagem. Método: estudo de natureza qualitativa, observacional e comparativa, antes e após a intervenção. Foi aplicado questionário sociodemográfico e texto-estímulo em dois momentos. A amostra foi constituída por 48 estudantes que frequentaram a unidade curricular de Pensamento Crítico em Enfermagem. Resultados: no primeiro momento, os estudantes reconheceram o pensamento crítico como importante na tomada de decisão e no desenvolvimento de competências, educar para pensar. No segundo momento, os comentários indicaram um papel ativo da escola, e a informação e o conhecimento do estudante são acurados no contexto formativo. Considerações finais: no pensamento crítico desenvolvido pelos estudantes participantes do componente curricular do curso de enfermagem constatou-se alteração significativa no léxico dos dois momentos, houve desenvolvimento de habilidades de pensamento crítico, das quais destacamos a interpretação, a argumentação, a análise e avaliação.
Objetivo: analizar el pensamiento crítico desarrollado por estudiantes que participan en un componente curricular de la carrera de licenciatura en enfermería. Método: estudio cualitativo, observacional y comparativo, antes y después de la intervención. Se aplicó un cuestionario sociodemográfico y un "texto estímulo" en dos momentos. La muestra estuvo constituída por 48 estudiantes que cursaron la unidad curricualar de Pensamiento Crítico en Enfermería. Resultados: en un primer momento, los estudiantes reconocieron el pensamiento crítico como importante en la toma de decisiones y en el desarrollo de habilidades, educar para pensar. En un segundo momento, los comentarios indicaron un papel activo de la escuela, y la información y los conocimientos del alumno son precisos en el contexto formativo. Consideraciones finales: en el pensamiento crítico desarrollado por los estudiantes que participaron en el componente curricular de la carrera de enfermería, hubo un cambio significativo en el léxico de los dos momentos, hubo un desarrollo de habilidades de pensamiento crítico, de las cuales se destacan la interpretación, argumentación, análisis y evaluación.
Objective: To analyse the critical thinking developed by students participating in a curricular component of undergraduate nursing programmes. Method: Qualitative, observational and comparative study before and after the intervention. A sociodemographic questionnaire and text stimulus were applied in two phases. The sample consisted of 48 students enrolled in the Critical Thinking In Nursing course. Results: In the first phase, the students recognized critical thinking as important in decision-making, in the development of skills and in the process of educating them to think. In the second phase, the comments indicated an active role of the school, and the knowledge of students improved in the formative context. Final considerations: In the critical thinking developed by the students who participated in the curricular component of the nursing programme, a significant change was found in the lexicon in both phases, and critical thinking skills were developed, in particular interpretation, argumentation, analysis, and evaluation.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Young Adult , Students, Nursing/psychology , Thinking , Decision Making , Education, Nursing, Baccalaureate , Curriculum , Qualitative ResearchABSTRACT
Resumo A garantia do direito à saúde no Brasil tem sido bastante discutida nos últimos anos, entretanto, esse é um debate antigo, ao qual este artigo busca resgatar. O objetivo deste estudo é apresentar as contribuições da socióloga Amélia Cohn referentes à Reforma Sanitária Brasileira (RSB), para discutir a atualidade de suas questões e refletir sobre a relação entre saúde e democracia. As teses de Cohn sobre a RSB são discutidas com base nos textos de sua autoria, publicados entre 1989 e 2013. A partir da ideia de "declínio do campo da RSB", buscou-se sistematizar o conjunto das suas críticas nos diferentes períodos históricos. Enfatiza-se que, já em 1992, a autora afirmou o esgotamento da RSB. No contexto de implantação do SUS na década de 1990, apontou a necessidade de elaboração de um novo projeto de saúde para o país. Na década seguinte, Cohn reconheceu a perda do protagonismo na saúde devido à despolitização do campo da RSB no processo de implantação do SUS, o que fragilizou a distinção entre as novas formas de acumulação de capital - a incorporação da racionalidade de mercado na produção e a oferta de serviços e a garantia do direito à saúde.
Abstract The guarantee of the right to health in Brazil has been widely discussed in recent years; however, this is an old debate, to which this article seeks to contribute. This study aims to show the contributions of the sociologist Amélia Cohn regarding the Brazilian Sanitary Reform (BSR), to discuss how current are her questions and reflect on the relationship between health and democracy. Cohn`s theses on BSR are discussed based on her texts, published between 1989 and 2013. Based on the idea of "decline on the field of BSR," we sought to systematize the set of her critical thinking in the different historical periods. Note that, already in 1992, the author affirmed the exhaustion of the BSR. In the context of the implementation of Brazilian National Health System (SUS) in the 1990s, the author pointed out the need to develop a new health project for the country. In the following decade, Cohn's recognized the loss of protagonism in the health field due to the depoliticization of the BSR in the implantation process of SUS, which weakened the distinction between the new forms of capital accumulation - the incorporation of market rationality in the production and supply of services - and the guarantee of the right to health.